Two marks Questions and Answers.
1. what is agriculture marketing.
Ans. Agricultural marketing cover the service involved in moving an agricultural products from the form till the customer. These services involve the planning, organising, assembling, storage, processing, transportation and distribution of various agriculture commodities.
( or )
the process that involves all the activities from the production till the ultimate consumer needs, statification from the agricultural products is called agricultural marketing.
2. defination of agriculture marketing.
Ans. agriculture marketing is connecting link between from product ,producer and consumer.
The link involves two activities.
1. physical distribution
2. economic exchange
3. explain physical distribution and economic exchange.
i. physical distribution : The physical handling of raw material semi finished products or finished goods from the point of production to the point of consumption is known as physical distribution.
ii. economical exchange : That is concerned with exchange of price setting process during the market stage.
4. explain market and marketing.
( or )
Q. what is market.
Q.what is marketing.
Ans.* It is the place where potential buyer and seller meet to exchange goods and services. it is a process which is carried on physically or virtually he is known as market.
*It is a set of activities that defines create and communicates from the begin till the end. consumer need are taken into consideration for the production and reach of products to the consumer. It is concerned with the period of time that is before the production till it reaches the end of consumer is known as marketing.
5.write the components of marketing.
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What are the 4p's of marketing mix. (2m/5m)
Ans. •) products.
•) price.
•) place.
•) promotion.
•) product : product is an Central element of the marketing mix the term product stands for the item that is sold to show up a high scale the product must be able to deliver at least a minimum level of performance.
•) price : it is an important component of marketing mix ‘price' refers to a product will highly depend on many factors including the costs incurred in production,the target buyers, the purchasing ability to the market supply and demand and many other direct as well as indirect factor.
•)place : The ‘place' we refers to the point of sale in any given industrial segment a good distributor strategy consists of capturing the attention of the customer and influencing their buying decision in profound way.
•) promotion : It refers to the set of efforts and activities that a business undertakes for reaching out the product or service to the user and promotion planning is one of the component of marketing.
6. what is market efficiency.
Ans. it refers to the ability possiest by the market's to include the information of offers maximum possibility of opportunities for trader to buy or sell the product.
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it also refers to the digree to which market pricesses refelect all available relavent information, if market are efficiency then all information is already.incorpovit into price .
7. write the 3 forms of market efficiency.
Ans. •) weak.
•) strong.
•) semi strong.
8. What is marketing cost.
Ans. Market budget typically covers cost for advertisement ,promotion and public relation's each amount are various based on size of the business it annual scale and how much be competition of advertisement depending on the industries marketing budget can be range from as low as 1% of scale to over 30%.
9. What do you meant by margin.
Ans. It refers to the difference between selling price and cost of marketing margin applies to a company that buys a product with a intend to resale it.
10. What are the factors affecting the cost.
Ans. The two factor affecting the cost are :
•) Internal factor.
•) External factor.
11. What are internal factor.
Ans. •) Cost.
•) Pre determined objectives.
•) Image of the firm.
•) Product life cycle.
•) Credit period.
•) Promotional activities.
12. What are external factor.
Ans. •) competition.
•) Consumer.
•) Government control.
•) Economic conditions.
•) Channel intermediate.
13. What is market intelligence.
Ans. Market inteligence is the everyday data relevant to the marketing effect of organising it is gathering and analysing intermediate relevant to compayes market trades competitor and consumer monitaring.
14. What are the types of market inteligence.
Ans. There are two types of market inteligence :
•) Competitive.
•) Market understanding.
15. What is market integration.
Ans. It offers when there is price in the different location area a long period of time integration shows the relationship between firm and market the extent of integration influences the market conduct of the market firm their marketing efficiency. market differ in the extent of integration and therefore there is a version in the degree of efficiency.
16. What are the types of market integration.
Ans. •) Horizontal integration.
•) Vertical integration.
•) Forward integration.
•) Back word integration.
•) Conglomeration.
17. What are the types of promotions (or) promotional activities.
Ans . There are 4 types of promotions that are :
•) Advertisement
•) Sales promotion
•) Public relation
•) Big selling
Five marks and Ten marks Questions and Answers
1. Explain channels of marketing.
Ans. i) Producer - Consumer
ii) Producer - wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer
iii) Producer - Dealers - Retailer - Consumer
iv) Producer - Retailer - Consumer
V) Producer - Distributor - Consumer
i) the producer sells the goods for provides the services directly to the consumer with no involvement with a middle man such as an intermediary, a wholesaler, a retailer, an agent or a reseller.
Example : Rice.
ii) wholesaler generally makes bulk purchases buys from the producer and divided the goods into smaller packages to sell to retailer.
Example : Maggi, noodles.
iii) It involves more than one intermediary before the product gets into the hands of the consumer. The middleman, known as the agent, assists with the negotiation between the manufacturer and the seller.
Example : electronic products.
iv) Retailers, like Walmart and Target, buy the product from the manufacturer and sell them directly to the consumer.
Example : sweet milk.
v) successfully used in distributing and us trail goods it include goods which are used further Production & not for sale.
Example : Zomato.
2. Briefly explain marketing functions and their role.
Ans. Functions of marketing are :
i) Promotion
ii) Selling
iii) Product management
iv) Pricing
v) Product information management
vi) Financing
vii) Distribution
i) Promotion : it refers to the upliftment of the product in the market .It is the tool and strategy for communication between buyer and seller and it has emotion attachment.
ii) Selling : it refers to the actual scale market is a transaction which take the exchange or transfer of ownership of the product and services from the seller to the consumer it is a process where goods are transferred for the value of money it is the major function of the market.
iii) Product management : It refers to the jock of looking after the specific product in the market it is the process that focuses on bringing new products to the market or developed in the existing product.
iv) Pricing : pricing is the process of fixing the value that main factor will receive in a exchange of goods and services it is the price adjected to the expenses and the profit margin which is suitable to the manufacture usually pricing is the MRP.
v) Product information management : It refers to the details regarding the available product and services in the market it is the management information system designed to support the market decision it is define as the system which market data is gathered, stored, analysis, distributed in accordance with which the information is need by the end users.
vi) Financing : It refers to the key features in deciplaning the money, capital asset it is considered with all the types of business activities such as profit, capital, cost, pricing, strategy, selling, promotion, distribution sales in comparing with the competitors finance is the main body of the market marketing and finance both goes and in hand with the support of finance brand will be decided.
vii) Distribution : It refers to segratation of products and services from the producer till the consumer distribution is to spread the products through out of market place where large number of people can buy it the element which helps the product to different place.
3. What are the classifications of marketing.
Ans. The classification of marketing are :
i) On the base of geographical area :
a) Local market : In such a market the buyers and sellers are limited to the local region area they usually sell preciable goods of daily we see since the transport of such goods can be expensive.
Example : Restaurant, Bars.
b) Regional market : regional market is populations in certain areas that shares common characteristics and distinguishable from after regions.
Example : Natural gas.
c) National market : This is when the demand for the good is limited in one specific country or the government may not allow the trade for such goods outside National boundaries.
Example : copper, iron.
d) International market : market cannot be limited to any geographical borders of any country if goods produced in a one country are sold in a different countries this called as international market.
Example : Apple electronics.
ii) On the base of time :
a) Very short term market : this is when the supply of good is fixed and so it cannot be changed in simultaneously.
Example : flowers, vegetables.
b) Short term market : This type of market has existed for a short period preciable or semi durable goods are sold in the market.
Example : weekly market, festival market.
c) Long term market : This type of market has existed for long period in this type of market durable community that are generally man preciable in nature are sold.
Example : clothing business.
d) Very long term market : It can be defined as tactics that generates a long lasting impression and brand.
Example : gold shop.
iii) On the base of business volume :
a) Wholesale market : In the wholesale market the activities of buying and selling goods is undertaken in large quantity at cheaper price.
Example : clothes, seafood business.
b) Retail market : The market is a market where the retailer sells goods directly to the consumer in a small quantity.
Example : shopping mall.
iv) On the base of nature of product :
a) Consumer product market : The consumer goods sector is a category of stock and companies that relate to items purchased by individual and households and others than by industries.
Example : food product.
b) Production market : The production functions focuses on creating new products managing the quality and quantity of the new products and arranging deliveries.
Example : vehicles.
c) Financial market : A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities and derivatives at low transaction costs.
Example : The bond, stock.
4. What are the factors affecting cost of marketing.
Ans. There are two factors affecting cost of marketing are :
i) Internal factor.
ii) External factor.
★ Internal factor ★
i) Cost : It refers to all the expenses incurried both variable and fix in production of a product or service.
ii) Predetermined objective : It refers to objective set up by the organiser or promoters.
iii) Product life cycle : It is the important aspect which effects the cost based on the rotational cycles every product has cycles switching which inclucle start up boom stage and decline stages. the start stage and the decline stage have a lot of cost included Promotional activities & set up cost is high in the start & decline stage hence the cost fluctuates based on plc.
iv) Image of firm : It acts as good will to the firm in capturing the consumes in market once the brand is set up in minds of costomers any price demanded will be ready to be paid by customers. If the firm has good image the cost influencing the product may very on the whole the internal factor the relationship between the consumer and the firm plays a virtual role in determining cost.
v) Credit period : Refers to the number of days customer is allowed to pay the amount. the concept is important because It indicates the working capital of firm. Working capital refers to the amount actually spent on production of firm. It is also said as the total period of time given for customer to repay for purchased of goods & Services.
vi) Promotional activities : Refers to technique used by marketing team to create awareness among the consumer in the market. It is a process which determines accessibility visibility of firm in market. This can help the firm to attract the customer & retain them to increase revenue of firm.
★External factor ★
i) competition : It refers to a where a person is busy or a business are trying to be more sucessfull then the other the effects of two or more parties acting independly to secure the business of third party by offering the most Ferovable town.
ii) Consumer : Refers to the ultimate users who wish to purches the good & services in the market product prices signifiantly corelates with consumer buying behavour price is the only part of total cost of the product.
iii) Government condral : It place on important role in all the firms far the smooth functioning it has an extronal factor imparting on the cost. Cost is directly effected when there is change any government rules & regulations.
iv) Economic conditionce : Is have direct releation slip with the cost If the economic stability moves to negative, there will be advance effect on the economic condition hence the cost is directly orindirectly connected with the economic condition with the Country.
v) Channel intermediates : Agricultural product is mainly due to the supply & demand relationship promotion or products promation cost & circular cost leads to increase in the cost. The main reasons for increase in the cost are :
*competition.
*Consumers.
* Government control.
*economic conditions.
* channel intermediates.
5. What are the ways to reduce marketing cost.
Ans.•) Conduct a marketing audit
•) Improving your coustomer trageting
•) Reducing the number of activities through the marketing channels
•) Use marketing automation tools
•) cut down of manhandling
•) Repropose of Ordering of raw materiale
•) Focus on refral marketing.
( or )
•) Be selective with New strategy
•) Be aware of hidden cost
•) slow & study.
•) know your right coustomer.
•) Reward the efficient profit making employees.
•) Use free tools.
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